Notícias
Manchas na pela: saiba o que é o melasma
Dermatologista Dra. Paola Pomerantzeff explica sobre o melasma, seus tratamentos e as principais formas de prevenção
Afetando principalmente mulheres em idade fértil, mas podendo também ocorrer em homens, o melasma é uma doença da pele caracterizada pela presença de manchas acastanhadas e escurecidas que contrastam com a coloração natural do tecido cutâneo e que bronzeiam mais do que o normal quando expostas ao sol.
“Ocorrendo principalmente na face, o melasma é uma alteração da pigmentação da pele definida pelo depósito excessivo de pigmento (melanina) em diferentes camadas da pele. Sem causa definida, a condição geralmente é resultado de fatores como a elevação dos hormônios femininos e a exposição à luz solar e à luz visível (lâmpadas, computadores, celulares e televisões), surgindo então, na maioria das vezes, por motivos como reposição hormonal, gestação e uso de pílula anticoncepcional”, explica a dermatologista Dra. Paola Pomerantzeff, membro da Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia.
De acordo com a especialista, em alguns casos de melasma, além do depósito de pigmento, há também um componente vascular relacionado à doença, ou seja, há um aumento da vascularização no local afetado. “Não bastasse todos estes fatores, a predisposição genética também influencia no surgimento desta condição, visto que 40% dos pacientes que apresentam melasma possuem um familiar que também sofre com a doença”, destaca.
Mas a boa notícia é que, mesmo possuindo um fator genético relacionado a seu surgimento, é possível prevenir o melasma através de alguns cuidados básicos, sempre o principal deles o uso diário de fotoprotetor, que deve possuir FPS de, no mínimo, 30 e ser aplicado todas as manhãs, com reaplicação a cada duas horas ou toda vez que a pele suar ou entrar em contato com água. “Quando você for passar longos períodos exposta a radiação solar, como na praia ou piscina, o ideal é que o fotoprotetor tenha FPS igual ou superior a 60, principalmente se você tiver predisposição genética ao melasma, pois quanto maior o FPS, maior será a proteção”, destaca a médica. “Para prevenção da doença é importante também o uso de maquiagem ou de um protetor solar com cor para proteger a pele dos efeitos da luz visível, já que este tipo de luz também pode manchar o tecido cutâneo e não é bloqueada pelo filtro solar convencional”, destaca.
Porém, para quem já sofre com a condição é preciso ressaltar que, uma vez instalado, o melasma não tem cura, pois é uma doença crônica. Mas é possível controlá-lo através de tratamento que incluem desde clareadores tópicos de uso domiciliar até sessões de lasers, peeling e microagulhamento.
O uso diário de fotoprotetor também é fundamental no controle e tratamento da doença, principalmente após a realização de lasers e peelings e o uso de clareadores, pois, do contrário, pode haver piora do melasma. “Mas é importante ressaltar que alguns procedimentos são contraindicados para quem possui melasma, como a luz intensa pulsada, visto que podem piorar o quadro da doença. Por isso, o mais importante é que você consulte um médico antes de optar por qualquer tipo de procedimento. Cada caso deve ser avaliado e examinado individualmente para que o melhor tratamento seja realizado”, finaliza a Dra. Paola Pomerantzeff.
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