Política
Os limites da manifestação de vereador em tribuna ou fora dela em razão da imunidade parlamentar por opinião, palavras e voto
De início cabe dizer que a normatização deste instituto advém do texto constitucional em seu art. 29, VIII, o qual confere a chamada imunidade material aos Vereadores.
O presente artigo visa trazer alguns esclarecimentos em relação à Imunidade Parlamentar no que concerne as manifestações dos detentores de cargos eletivos em exercício nas Câmaras de Vereadores, sejam elas no uso da Tribuna ou fora dela.
De início cabe dizer que a normatização deste instituto advém do texto constitucional em seu art. 29, VIII, o qual confere a chamada imunidade material aos Vereadores, vejamos o texto da lei:
Art. 29. O Município reger-se-á por lei orgânica, votada em dois turnos, com o interstício mínimo de dez dias, e aprovada por dois terços dos membros da Câmara Municipal, que a promulgará, atendidos os princípios estabelecidos nesta Constituição, na Constituição do respectivo Estado e os seguintes preceitos:
(…)
VIII – inviolabilidade dos Vereadores por suas opiniões, palavras e votos no exercício do mandato e na circunscrição do Município;
Nota-se que a inviolabilidade dos Vereadores é matéria constitucional assegurada na circunscrição do Município onde foi eleito e sempre no exercício do mandato, e essa garantia é importante para que o político possa exercer sua função dentro do parlamento com plenitude.
Todavia, cumpre salientar que esta imunidade ou garantia constitucional não é absoluta, uma vez que somente é aplicável quando o parlamentar a utiliza no exercício do seu mandato. Ou seja, caso não haja relação entre a manifestação da opinião com o exercício da atividade parlamentar, o Vereador ficará sujeito a sanção penal e cível, podendo configurar abuso do uso do Poder.
De acordo com os entendimentos jurisprudenciais, o Vereador responde pessoalmente por atos inerentes à função política desempenhada, não se cogitando de responsabilidade do Município ou da Câmara de Vereadores.
No tocante a manifestações em Tribuna, há que se ter um grande cuidado, especialmente quando são direcionadas a pessoas. Isso porque, em uma análise genérica, a pessoa atingida por uma manifestação ocorrida em tribuna também é detentora de direitos individuais relacionados a honra, imagem, vida privada, intimidade e etc, conforme prevê o texto constitucional:
Art. 5º Todos são iguais perante a lei, sem distinção de qualquer natureza, garantindo-se aos brasileiros e aos estrangeiros residentes no País a inviolabilidade do direito à vida, à liberdade, à igualdade, à segurança e à propriedade, nos termos seguintes:
(…)
X – são invioláveis a intimidade, a vida privada, a honra e a imagem das pessoas, assegurado o direito a indenização pelo dano material ou moral decorrente de sua violação;
E são esses choques de valores que são avaliados na justiça para embasar uma condenação ou uma absolvição.
Recentemente presenciamos um caso em Minas Gerais, onde a manifestação do Vereador em tribuna gerou Danos Morais em um cidadão. Na ocasião foi ponderado pelos julgadores os princípios da Imunidade Material conferida ao Vereador e os princípios da Honra e Imagem do cidadão ofendido.
“A manifestação do pensamento não é um direito absoluto e tem como limite lógico a fronteira dos direitos alheios, de modo que não pode ser praticada com excesso em detrimento dos direitos dos indivíduos”
Essa foi a premissa que deu ensejo a condenação do Vereador a indenizar em R$5.000,00 um cidadão por ofensas proferidas em discurso na Tribuna, o qual teria sido ofendido com palavras como “ladrão, quadrilheiro e falsificadores de documentos”.
Segundo o desembargador Alberto Henrique, “dos depoimentos evidencia-se que todas as alegações foram intencionalmente direcionadas a atingir a honra do apelante, com ataques direcionados a desgastá-lo politicamente”. Dessa forma, ficou “evidente o abuso do direito”, concluiu.
Assim, nota-se que é de extrema importância tomar as cautelas necessárias nos discursos em Tribuna e nas manifestações de opinião dentro da circunscrição do município, cuidando especialmente quando os discursos são direcionados a pessoas.
O ano eleitoral requer muitos cuidados e todas as atenções estão voltadas para a Casa do Povo, todavia, as manifestações políticas, de opinião, palavras e votos estão assegurados constitucionalmente nos limites da circunscrição do município e havendo pertinência com o exercício do mandato.
Artigo redigido por
Fabiano Faes – advogado.
Fernanda Wiltgen – Estagiária de Direito.
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